A MonoBehaviour in Unity is basically a Node in Godot.

When writing a script that Node, you can use the [Export] attribute in Godot the way you would use [SerializeField] in Unity.

For example in Unity you might write stuff like this in your MonoBehaviour to expose fields in the unity inspector -

[SerializeField] private Timer _spawnTimer1;
private Timer SpawnTimer2;

In your godot script, you can do this -

[Export] public Timer SpawnTimer1_PublicProperty { get; set; }
[Export] public Timer SpawnTimer2_PublicField;
[Export] private Timer _spawnTimer3_PrivateProperty { get; set; }
[Export] private Timer _spawnTimer4_PrivateField;

this creates new fields in the inspector you can drop other nodes into, just like unity -

Our new spawn timer fields in the inspector